To select specific markers for the study, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometry (FC) were performed in epithelial (n=4) and stromal (n=6) cell fractions from human endometrium for SSEA1, W5C5, EPCAM, ICAM1, TNF (tumor necrosis factor alpha).
Using a-tubulin immunocytochemistry to show sperm cytoskeleton, they found that vitrified sperm had similar labeling patterns in the tail to fresh sperm, but different from slow freezing.