Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective breeding, cloning, and assisted reproduction. The assisted reproduction techniques used in these treatments are diverse and can be divided into two groups: low-complexity techniques (programmed intercourse, sperm capacitation, artificial insemination, sperm freezing) and high-complexity techniques (in vitro fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, vitrification).