The artificially aged oocytes were imaged before injection too, and the HS-AI models developed showed significant shifts in the reduction- oxidation or REDOX ratio and differences in mitochondrial distribution in the oolemma.

For spermatozoa that have successfully undergone capacitation-related processes, the initiation of hyper- activation and the acrosome reaction, the only event remaining is interaction with the oolemma and subsequent fertilisation.